Now Updated! (4.17.2011)This will help! Or not. You know, whichever. It's not my fault if you're really picky.
Anyway, before I got into any beer reviews, I wanted to do a post on some of the different types of beers. There are, of course, many, many more types of beers than what is listed here. There are simply too many for me to list (for example, Belgian beers--there are about twenty different styles, way more than what I have room or attention span for). If you are unfamiliar with the different types of beer, hopefully this will give you a brief, but thorough, education. If you are familiar with different types of beer, good for you. You get a biscuit.
If any facts seem off or incorrect, please let me know and I will update this post. I gathered the information from my own experiences, the internet (we all know what reliable place that is), and a book called
Great American Craft Beer. (Which, by the way, is a great book and I highly recommend it.)
LagersTo put it in the most basic of terms, there are two main "types" of beers: lagers and ales. The difference between the two lies in how the yeast ferments. Lager yeast gathers and sinks to the bottom, i.e., bottom fermenting. Lager yeasts need cooler temperatures, and tend be lighter in color than ales. They usually have less alcohol content and are less complex. This is the most common type of beer sold in America.
American Lager: The most common type of beer in America (sadly). Usually not flavorful so as to appeal to the greatest number of people and not offend their delicate taste buds. Watery and piss-like. Often times made as a low-calorie option by adding corn or rice syrup, which means that a higher amount of sugars ferment into alcohol, leaving behind less flavor. Can go as low as 2% ABV (alcohol by volume), which in my opinion leaves it closer to odd flavored juice than to actual beer.*
*It is not my intention to say that all American Lagers are horrible, just that most of them are. I'm sorry, but Bud really does taste like water, especially after an IPA.American Amber: This beer can actually be either a lager or an ale, but I’ve put it under lagers just because the lagers were looking a little lonely. Most craft brewers in American will sell an amber ale, and this beer can be incredibly versatile. It can go from a smooth, malty lager to a bitter, hoppy ale; range in color from orange-amber to a deep red; and can have a low to medium bitterness. The one thing that most Ambers have in common is it’s toasted, caramel malt flavor. Anywhere from 5-7% ABV.
Pilsner: One of the most popular styles of beers. Made with soft water and aromatic hops, and produces a distinct hop aroma. Usually have a sweeter, sometimes caramel-like flavor. I like to think Pilsners have the three C's: clean, clear, and crisp. Great for drinking on a hot summer's day after any sort of sweaty work. Low alcohol content, around 4-5%.
Dunkel: A dark beer that is more drinkable then you’d initially think. They have a malty sweetness that balances with flavors of chocolate, toffee, or caramel. These beers are not bitter or strongly roasted, yet at the same time not overly sweet, making this dark Bavarian beer a good introduction to darker beers. A Dunkel is brewed by using decoction mashing, where a portion of the grains are boiled and then returned to the mash, which raises the temperature and lends this beer a unique, malty flavor. This has an ABV of around 4-5%. Is most commonly a lager, but the term Dunkel can also refer to dark wheat beers, as seen below with the Dunkelweizen.
Bock: A bock is a lovely malty beer with a slightly higher ABV (5-7.2%). Is lightly hopped to offset the sweetness of the malt, but other than that hops play a little role in this German beer. It has a rich, toasty taste, and is usually very smooth and balanced. A good beer to drink for a “soulful malt experience,” according to Great American Craft Beer.
Doppelbock: A doppelbock is stronger variation on the bock, with both elevated alcohol and malt levels. Usually around 7-12% ABV. It was originally used as "liquid bread" for monks in times of fasting. A stronger malt experience with faint traces of roasted or chocolate malts.
Eisbock: An Eisbock is an even stronger version of the doppelbock. It is made by partially freezing the beer, and then removing the ice to concentrate the flavor and alcohol content, which can be as high as 13%.
Maibock: A seasonal spring beer that is usually light in color, but still focuses on the total tastiness of malts. Hops are usually more present in this beer than in other bock styles, but not overly so. A definite alcohol level, but not overpowering. 6-8% ABV.
Helles: A pale lager light in color, but not in taste. Low alcohol content intended to be a session beer (3.8-5%). Has a less intense hop flavor, and only mild bitterness. Another version of this, the Malibock, takes this lager and brews it to bock strength, keeping it light in color but giving it more hop presence.
AlesAle yeast gathers at the top of the brew for the first few days, then sinks to the bottom, i.e., top fermenting. Fermentation must take place at warmer temperatures. Usually higher in alcohol content, noticeably more full and complex.
Blonde Ale / Golden Ale: An excellent alternative as well as a popular entry-level take on the American Lager. Craft brewers will sometimes use this type of beer to transition beer drinkers to a more flavorful drink, i.e., convert the uneducated, Bud drinking masses. This beer is usually crisp with a mild maltiness, however different versions can vary from a toasted malt taste to a slight bitterness and fruity taste. Around 4-7% ABV.
Kölsch: This beer is similar to a Blonde Ale in that it has a light, golden color and that it strives to be a drinkable, but still flavorful beer. It achieves a balance between dryness and sweetness, with just a hint of fruitiness. The malts are not cloying (overly sweet), and the hops are present but not obtrusive. Simple ingredients combine to make a well balanced beer. About 4-5% ABV.
American Wheat Ale: Beers made in the wheat style are pale to gold in color, and are usually hazy and unfiltered. This beer is an American version of the German Hefeweizen, and sometimes sticks to the banana and clove aromas and flavors in the German version, but sometimes has subtle wheat notes with some yeasty hints. Usually sticks to a low ABV, around 3-5%, but can go as high as 6%.
Weizenbier: An ale that is golden in color and oftentimes cloudy. It usually has hints of banana or clove in it, and is a good summertime drink around 5% ABV. Must have at least 50% wheat malt to be considered a weizenbier. If a bit more yeast is added during the bottling process, then it becomes a Hefeweizen. Hefe means yeast, and weizen means wheat.
Dunkelweizen: A Dunkelweizen is basically a dark wheat beer, as opposed to the pale golden colors that a Hefeweizen or Wheat Ale possesses. It is considered a cross between a Hefeweizen and a Dunkel style beer. It has pronounced banana, vanilla, and spicy flavors, and is typically dark brown in color. Anywhere from 5-8% ABV, this beer can be enjoyed both on sunny summer afternoons or cold winter nights.
Scottish Ale: When this beer first came about, it was taxed according to the beer’s particular alcohol level. A light Scottish Ale is known as a 60 schilling ale, while the more potent beers, such as the Wee Heavy, was known as a 90 schilling ale. Today, we also have 70 and 80 schilling varieties. A lighter Scottish Ale has little bitterness and mild malt flavors, while a heavier ale will have a stronger flavor. Scottish ales can also taste slightly smoky. Only speak in a Scottish accent while drinking, it increases the fun.
Barley Wine: A rich, intense, and complex style of beer. Alcohol content equal to most wines, generally anywhere from 8 - 12%. This beer has a hearty malt flavor that is emphasized by the bitterness of the hops. This beer is good for storing or aging over long periods of time because of its high alcohol content, so don't be afraid to let it sit for a while. A good beer for drinking on a cold evening by a fireplace with a friend and going "Mmm, yes, we are sophisticated, aren't we," in a British accent.
American Pale Ale: Ranges from golden to light copper in color, and is more reserved than an IPA. Has a citrusy aroma, fruity flavor, moderate bitterness, and mild malt sweetness. This beer is sometimes marketed as an IPA, but will not have as strong a hop presence as some of the more intense IPAs. Around 5-7% ABV.
India Pale Ale: My personal favorite, as demonstrated in the title of this blog. (Oh come on, you didn’t notice that yet? IPA = It’s Perfectly Awesome? No?) There are both American and English versions of this beer. The American has grapefruit or orangey aromas and tastes, and can range from a more malt-balanced drink to a strong, bitter hop experience. The English style places less emphasis on the fruity, hop flavors and more on earthy or woody notes. Both these styles range from 5-8% ABV. For an even more intense hop experience (for all you hop heads out there) try a Double IPA, which ranges from 8-11% ABV.
Stouts: The main ingredients in this beer are either dark roasted barley or black malts or both. There are a number of variations on this, such as the Imperial Stout, Milk Stout, Oyster Stout, or Chocolate Stout. Generally, it is rich and complex, and has strong flavors--sometimes toasty, sometimes creamy, depending on the type. Usually has a higher alcohol content (7-9%).
Porters: The word porter has been much debated on, as stout was just another name for porter once upon a time. Today, breweries tend to differentiate between a porter and a stout by marketing a stout as a stronger beer. You can therefore think of a porter as a sort of scaled back stout with dark, roasted flavors, but less alcohol content (around 4-6%).
MiscBecause I wasn't sure where to put these. Huzzah!
Smoked Beer: This beer is brewed by drying the malts over an open fire, resulting in a smoky flavored beer. Brewers can use different types of wood, such as beech-wood or maple, to give the beer different flavors. The flavors are sometimes unsettling, so a smoked beer is definitely an acquired taste. Anywhere from 5-10% ABV.
Barrel-Aged Beer: As the name suggests, this beer is aged in barrels. Depending on the type of barrel, the flavors can be anywhere from vanilla (from bourbon barrels) to a citric tartness (from oak barrels). These are usually high in alcohol content and can have a very strong, intense flavor (6-11%).
High Alcohol Beer: The alcohol level of beer is usually around 4-6%, and even with the higher levels, you don’t normally see many beers about 10%. These beers, however, say, “Screw that, I want to be 18%.” Utopias, a $200 bottle of beer by Sam Adams, is 27% ABV and is more like a cognac than a beer. (By the way, I will accept bottles of this as gifts.)
My God....
Mead: A true mead is actually more like a wine then a beer, made by fermenting honey and water. However, some brewers add hops, which gives it more of a bitter, beer-like flavor. Additionally, some places will brew their beer with honey added in and put "mead" in the name, so that's why I've decided to add it in. Usually called Honey Beer, these can range from 4-11% ABV.
You see that crazed look in his eyes? It's cause he ran out of mead.
And that concludes my lovely tour of beer types. Now go try some.